刀锋伪影校正技术在精神疾病患者海马MRI检查中的应用

为探讨磁共振刀锋伪影校正（BLADE）技术提升精神疾病患者海马磁共振图像质量的效果，本文分别使用结合了BLADE技术的BLADE T₂WI TSE、BLADE T₂WI FLAIR及传统T₂WI TSE、T₂WI FLAIR四种序列，对47例精神疾病患者和美国放射学院（ACR）标准模体在3.0 T磁共振成像（MRI）设备上分别进行常规海马斜冠状位扫描和ACR标准检测.患者的磁共振图像由2名放射科医师采用5分法对运动伪影、搏动伪影、颗粒度、海马磁共振图像质量进行评价，并应用Wilcoxon符号秩检验进行数据分析.模体图像通过识别图像的钻孔阵列和轮辐的数目，半定量评价各序列的高对比空间分辨力（HCSR）和低对比物体探测能力（LCD）.结果表明相比传统序列，结合BLADE技术的序列能够明显改善海马磁共振图像的运动伪影、搏动伪影（p<0.001），提高图像质量（p<0.05）；但在图像颗粒度方面，传统序列表现更优（p<0.001）.ACR模体半定量分析显示，结合BLADE技术序列与传统序列相比，在LCD检测方面结果更优、在HCSR检测方面结果相同或略逊.本文推荐将BLADE技术应用于不合作的精神疾病患者海马的MRI检查.     

基于时序多光谱影像的干旱草原区开采扰动信息提取方法

露天开采会彻底改变原有土地利用景观格局，直接破坏当地生态环境，甚至会影响附近居民的生产和生活，因此越来越多的学者开始关注开采扰动。先前有关利用时序多光谱影像提取开采扰动的研究区集中于扰动形式单一的森林区。而我国露天煤矿大多集中于草原区，且我国东北部的草原矿区因其脆弱的生态环境以及其他多种扰动形式的存在，使得开采扰动识别更加困难。为明确我国东北部生态脆弱区草原露采场的开采扰动，以胜利矿区为例，利用1986年-2017年27期Landsat多光谱遥感影像，基于归一化植被指数NDVI（normalized difference vegetation index）的长时间序列轨迹变化特征（为了去除物候、云和阴影等对时序多光谱影像的影响，利用BISE-WT滤波器对原始NDVI时间序列进行滤波处理, 有效地去除时序NDVI数据中的噪声并同时保留有效信息），经过样本点训练，获得CV阈值（变异系数coefficient of variation）和Max阈值（植被阈值），构建CV-Max扰动识别模型，提取研究区的扰动分布。并利用植被阈值，分析NDVI时序轨迹，获得扰动年际信息，重构扰动历史地图；进而通过分析研究区典型地物的光谱特征，构建裸煤提取规则，以此来提取研究区的裸煤分布；最后通过构建裸煤及扰动区两者间的拓扑关系，进行空间拓扑叠置分析，从而获得开采扰动信息。经过精度验证，开采扰动的提取精度达到93.17%（Kappa系数=0.85），扰动年际信息提取精度达到83.35%（Kappa系数=0.81）。结果表明：在研究期间，空间上，开采扰动面积占研究区总面积的8.90%；时间上，开采扰动的发生集中于2000年-2009年，期间开采扰动像元占开采扰动总像元的76.70%；1988年-1998年矿区属于土地损毁初始期，2000年-2005年矿区属于土地损毁加速期，2006年-2009年矿区属于土地损毁高峰期，2010年-2017年开采扰动像元占比趋势比较平缓且持续处于较低水平，矿区土地损毁范围基本稳定。所提出的针对我国东北部生态脆弱性草原矿区，基于时序多光谱影像，利用植被指数NDVI和裸煤光谱特征提取开采扰动信息的方法是可行的，该研究结果可为干旱、半干旱草原露天矿区的可持续发展提供数据和理论方法支撑。     

Multi-scale retinex improvement for nighttime image enhancement

We propose a retinex improvement for nighttime image enhancement. Retinex is often used on images under non-uniform illumination in terms of either color or lightness and has satisfactory results to achieve color constancy and dynamic range compression. Few studies focus retinex on nighttime images, especially those under extreme conditions (i.e., images with over-lighted or extremely under-lighted areas or with noise speckles), on which retinex operation can perform badly. Original multi-scale retinex (MSR) is extremely sensitive to noise speckles that cameras produce in low light areas, and it has unsatisfactory effect on areas with normal or intensive illumination. Moreover, original MSR uses a gain-offset method for prior-to-display treatment and can lead to apparent data loss on nighttime images. This paper replaces the logarithm function in MSR with a customized sigmoid function to minimize data loss, and adapts MSR to nighttime images by merging results from sigmoid-MSR with original images. Experiments show our framework, when applied to nighttime images, can preserve areas with normal or intensive lighting and suppress noise speckles in extreme low light areas.     

A new color image cryptosystem via hyperchaos synchronization

This paper proposes a novel color image cryptosystem based on synchronization of two different six-dimensional hyperchaotic systems. In the transmitter end, we apply the drive system to generate the diffusion matrices and scrambling ones, which are used to change the image pixel value and position, respectively. Thus the ciphered image is obtained. In the receiver, synchronization of two nonidentical hyperchaotic systems can be achieved by designing the appropriate controllers. The response system is employed to yield the corresponding diffusion matrices and scrambling ones using the same generation method in the encryption algorithm. Then the cipher-image can be decrypted by the decryption algorithm, which is similar to that of the encryption process but in the reversed order. The experimental results show that the presented image cryptosystem has high security and can resist noise and crop attacks.     

Single image non-uniformity correction using compressive sensing

A non-uniformity correction (NUC) method for an infrared focal plane array imaging system was proposed. The algorithm, based on compressive sensing (CS) of single image, overcame the disadvantages of “ghost artifacts” and bulk calculating costs in traditional NUC algorithms. A point-sampling matrix was designed to validate the measurements of CS on the time domain. The measurements were corrected using the midway infrared equalization algorithm, and the missing pixels were solved with the regularized orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can reconstruct the entire image with only 25% pixels. A small difference was found between the correction results using 100% pixels and the reconstruction results using 40% pixels. Evaluation of the proposed method on the basis of the root-mean-square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and roughness index (ρ) proved the method to be robust and highly applicable.     

Two-scale image fusion of visible and infrared images using saliency detection

Military, navigation and concealed weapon detection need different imaging modalities such as visible and infrared to monitor a targeted scene. These modalities provide complementary information. For better situation awareness, complementary information of these images has to be integrated into a single image. Image fusion is the process of integrating complementary source information into a composite image. In this paper, we propose a new image fusion method based on saliency detection and two-scale image decomposition. This method is beneficial because the visual saliency extraction process introduced in this paper can highlight the saliency information of source images very well. A new weight map construction process based on visual saliency is proposed. This process is able to integrate the visually significant information of source images into the fused image. In contrast to most of the multi-scale image fusion techniques, proposed technique uses only two-scale image decomposition. So it is fast and efficient. Our method is tested on several image pairs and is evaluated qualitatively by visual inspection and quantitatively using objective fusion metrics. Outcomes of the proposed method are compared with the state-of-art multi-scale fusion techniques. Results reveal that the proposed method performance is comparable or superior to the existing methods.     

Comment on “On the Neumann function and the method of images in spherical and ellipsoidal geometry”

In this note, we point out two errors in the article “On the Neumann function and the method of images in spherical and ellipsoidal geometry” by Dassios and Sten. Two corrections are then proposed.     

一种新的磁共振图像处理流水线的设计与实现

磁共振图像的重建、后处理及可视化是磁共振成像（MRI）系统的重要组成部分.本文开发了一个新的用于磁共振图像重建、后处理及可视化的开源框架YAP（Yet Another Pipeline），利用此框架可以方便地构建图像处理流水线.与现有的一些其他开源框架相比，本文开发的框架具有如下特点：（1）采用基于接口的设计，可使用基于接口的插件对流水线的功能进行扩展；（2）允许用户使用编写脚本的方式构建图像处理流水线，编辑与修改流水线都很方便；（3）支持带有分支结构的流水线，便于流水线的构建与调试.目前，该框架已经在商用系统中获得了应用.     

一种不同地面分辨率图像的拼接算法

航空遥感监测中变焦镜头的广泛应用以及飞行高度的变化会获得不同地面分辨率的航空影像,因此为了实时监控到飞行区域的整体情况,需要对不同地面分辨率的图像进行拼接。提出了针对不同地面分辨率图像进行拼接的方法。首先用四分法对图像进行分割,检测变化倍率,选择配准策略;然后用基于加速鲁棒性特征(Speeded-Up Robust Features,SURF)的算法对相邻图像进行拼接。获得了焦距变化从高倍过渡到低倍,或从低倍过渡到高倍的拼接图像。通过航空变焦模拟影像的拼接实验和地面变焦影像的拼接实验表明,该方法能够对不同地面分辨率的图像进行拼接,且拼接结果均以高分辨率为基准。     

Computational investigation toward selective collection of water particles containing odorous molecules by electrostatic spraying

The necessity of odor sensing has been increasing from environmental and health standpoints. Here, we propose the novel concept of a small device which can select odor molecules based on electrostatic spraying. For high selectivity of the target gas or odor, we conducted computational fluid dynamics coupled with an electrostatic field, as well as measurements by particle image velocimetry and anemometry. The computational model successfully reproduced characteristic features of ionic wind. Different trajectories of charged particles were computationally obtained owing to their electrical mobility. The results imply that different materials might be separated by the arrangement of the collecting electrode.